![]() It is a founding member of the United Nations, as well as a member of the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, and the OSCE, and is in the process of joining the European Union and becoming a NATO member. However, due to its extensive fertile land, pre-war Ukraine was one of the largest grain exporters in the world. Ukraine is the poorest country in Europe by nominal GDP per capita, and has high levels of corruption. Ukraine is a unitary republic under a semi-presidential system and a developing country, ranking 77th on the Human Development Index. Since the outbreak of war with Russia in 2014, Ukraine has continued to seek closer economic, political, and military ties with the Western world, including with the United States, European Union, and NATO. This series of events marked the beginning of the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War, and in a major escalation of the conflict in February 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. During this period, unmarked Russian troops invaded the Crimean Peninsula, which was later annexed by Russia and pro-Russia unrest in Ukraine's Donbas culminated in Russia-backed separatists seizing territory throughout the region, sparking the War in Donbas. In 2013, a series of mass demonstrations, known as the Euromaidan, erupted across Ukraine, eventually escalating into the Revolution of Dignity in 2014, which led to the establishment of a new government and pro-Russian unrest. In the 1930s, millions of Ukrainians were killed during the Holodomor, a Stalin-era man-made famine.įollowing the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine regained independence and declared itself neutral, forming a limited military partnership with the post-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States, while also joining the Partnership for Peace with NATO in 1994. ![]() This short-lived state was forcibly reconstituted by the Bolsheviks into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became a founding member of the Soviet Union in 1922. After the Russian Revolution, a Ukrainian national movement re-emerged, and formed the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1917. The Cossack Hetmanate emerged in central Ukraine in the 17th century, but was partitioned between Russia and Poland, and ultimately absorbed by the Russian Empire. After the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia emerged, the area was contested, divided, and ruled by a variety of external powers for the next 600 years, including the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Russia. ĭuring the Middle Ages, the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century and was ultimately destroyed by the Mongol invasions of the 13th century. Ukraine's official and national language is Ukrainian most people are also fluent in Russian. Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city. It is also bordered by Belarus to the north by Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west and by Romania and Moldova to the southwest with a coastline along the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Prior to the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War, it was the eighth-most populous country in Europe, with a population of around 41 million people. Ukraine covers approximately 600,000 square kilometres (230,000 sq mi). It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. ![]() ![]() Ukraine ( Ukrainian: Україна, romanized: Ukraïna, pronounced ( listen)) is a country in Eastern Europe. ![]()
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